Dystonia Medical Research Foundation

About Dystonia Dystonia Defined What is Dystonia? How is Dystonia Diagnosed? What Form of Dystonia Do I Have? Age of onset How the body is affected Cause Primary Secondary Dystonia-plus Additional disorders and conditions Prognosis Forms of Dystonia Focal dystonias Blepharospasm More Info Cervical dystonia More Info Oromandibular dystonia More Info OMD Network Laryngeal dystonia More Info Writer’s cramp More Info Musicians’ dystonias More Info Focal hand dystonia Embouchure dystonia Musicians With Dystonia Early onset generalized dystonia More Info Dopa-responsive dystonia More Info Myoclonic dystonia More Info Paroxysmal dyskinesias More Info Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism More Info X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism More Info Secondary dystonia More Info Trauma More Info Drug-Induced More Info Toxins Neurological and Metabolic Disorders Psychogenic dystonia More Info Genetics DNA, genes, and proteins Dystonia genes Early onset dystonia Dopa-responsive dystonia Myoclonic dystonia Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism Preimplantation genetic diagnosis Related & Differential Disorders Frequently Asked Questions FAQ Symptoms FAQ Causes FAQ Prognosis Glossary Treatments Non-Drug Therapies Physical therapy Goals Posture and Alignment Tips to Maintain Alignment Daily Activities and Exercise Stretching and Strengthening Stress Management Voice/Speech therapy Oral Medications Anticholinergics Benzodiazepines Baclofen Dopaminergic agents/Dopamine-depleting agents Tetrabenezine Botulinum Toxin Injections Forms of botulinum toxin Methods Optimizing results Immunity Reimbursement Surgery Surgery overview Peripheral surgeries Cervical Dystonia - Bertrand Procedure Laryngeal Dystonia - Selective Denervation and Reinervation Laryngeal Dystonia – Thyroplasty Blepharospasm - Myectomy Generalized Dystonia - Intrathecal Baclofen Brain surgeries Lesioning Procedures Deep Brain Stimulation DBS Reimbursement Guide & Codes Comparing Lesioning & DBS Children & Brain Surgery Discussing surgery with your doctor Complementary Therapy Find a Healthcare Professional Join HealthCare Professionals Form Join Mental Health Professionals Form Frequently Asked Questions	Links Dystonia & Related Disorders WE MOVE http://www.wemove.org The Movement Disorder Society http://www.movementdisorders.org/ National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke http://www.ninds.nih.gov The Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation, Inc. http://www.dystonia-parkinsons.org/ National Organization for Rare Disorders http://www.rarediseases.org/ National Spasmodic Dysphonia Association http://www.dysphonia.org/ VoiceDoctor.net http://www.voicedoctor.net Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation http://www.blepharospasm.org/ Care4Dystonia http://www.care4dystonia.org/ Dopa-Responsive Dystonia Central http://drdcentral.com/ National Library of Medicine, Research http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disease Association http://www.pndassoc.org/ Web MD http://www.webmd.com Genetics National Society of Genetic Counselors http://www.nsgc.org/ GeneTests http://www.genetests.org/

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