What Are the Common Forms of Dystonia? | Dystonia Medical Research Foundation

About Dystonia Dystonia Defined What is Dystonia? How is Dystonia Diagnosed? What Form of Dystonia Do I Have? Age of onset How the body is affected Cause Primary Secondary Dystonia-plus Additional disorders and conditions Prognosis Forms of Dystonia Focal dystonias Blepharospasm More Info - Blepharospasm Cervical dystonia More Info - Cervical dystonia/Spasmodic torticollis Oromandibular dystonia More Info - Oromandibular dystonia (Cranial dystonia) Laryngeal dystonia More Info - Laryngeal dystonia (Spasmodic dysphonia) Writerï¿½s cramp More Info - Writer's cramp (Hand dystonia) Musician's dystonias More Info - Musicians' dystonias Focal hand dystonia Embouchure dystonia Musicians With Dystonia Early onset generalized dystonia More Info - Early-onset generalized dystonia Dopa-responsive dystonia More Info - Dopa-responsive dystonia Myoclonic dystonia More Info - Myoclonic dystonia Paroxysmal dyskinesias More Info - Paroxysmal dystonia and dyskinesias Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism More Info - Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism More Info - X-linked Dystonia-parkinsonism Secondary dystonia More Info - Secondary dystonias Trauma More Info Drug-Induced More Info Toxins Neurological and Metabolic Disorders Psychogenic dystonia More Info - Psychogenic dystonia Genetics DNA, genes, and proteins Dystonia genes Early onset dystonia Dopa-responsive dystonia Myoclonic dystonia Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism Preimplantation genetic diagnosis Related & Differential Disorders Frequently Asked Questions FAQ Symptoms FAQ Causes FAQ Prognosis Glossary Treatments Non-Drug Therapies Physical therapy Goals Posture and Alignment Tips to Maintain Alignment Daily Activities and Exercise Stretching and Strengthening Stress Management Voice/Speech therapy Oral Medications Anticholinergics Benzodiazepines Baclofen Dopaminergic agents/Dopamine-depleting agents Tetrabenezine Botulinum Toxin Injections Forms of botulinum toxin Methods Optimizing results Immunity Reimbursement Surgery Surgery overview Peripheral surgeries Cervical Dystonia - Bertrand Procedure Laryngeal Dystonia - Selective Denervation and Reinervation Laryngeal Dystonia – Thyroplasty Blepharospasm - Myectomy Generalized Dystonia - Intrathecal Baclofen Brain surgeries Lesioning Procedures Deep Brain Stimulation DBS Reimbursement Guide & Codes Comparing Lesioning & DBS Children & Brain Surgery Discussing surgery with your doctor Complementary Therapy Find a Healthcare Professional Join Healthcare Professionals Form Frequently Asked Questions Dystonia Patient Registries	What Are the Common Forms of Dystonia? > Focal dystonias Blepharospasm Dystonia that affects the muscles of the eyelids and brow... summary \| more information Cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) Dystonia that affects the neck and sometimes the shoulders... summary \| more information Oromandibular dystonia (cranial dystonia) Symptoms include forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue... summary \| more information Laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia) Dystonia that affects the vocal cords... summary \| more information Hand dystonia (writer's cramp) Dystonia of the fingers, hand, and/or forearm... summary \| more information > Musicians'dystonias summary \| more information \| Hand dystonia \| Embouchure dystonia \| Musicians With Dystonia > Early-onset generalized dystonia (DYT1 and non-DYT1) Early-onset generalized dystonia is characterized by the twisting of the limbs and torso... summary \| more information\| > Dopa-responsive dystonia A group of dystonias that respond to a medication called levodopa... summary \| more information > Myoclonic dystonia A hereditary form of dystonia that includes prominent myoclonus symptoms... summary \| more information > Paroxysmal dystonias and dyskinesias Episodic movement disorders in which abnormal movements occur only during attacks... summary \| more information > X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism A hereditary form of dystonia that includes symptoms parkinsonism... summary \| more information > Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism A hereditary form of dystonia that includes symptoms of parkinsonism... summary \| more information > Secondary dystonias Dystonia that is triggered by factors such as trauma, medication exposure, toxins... summary \| more information Trauma Dystonia may follow trauma to the head and/or to a specific body area... summary \| more information Drug-induced (Tardive dystonia & dyskinesias) Specific drugs are capable of causing dystonia... summary \| more information Toxins Several rare toxins are known to cause movement disorders... more information *Neurological and metabolic disorders* Dystonia can occur as a symptom of multiple disorders... more information > Psychogenic dystonia Dystonia that is secondary to psychological disturbances... summary \| more information

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