What Are the Common Forms of Dystonia?
»Focal dystonias
Blepharospasm
Dystonia that affects the muscles of the eyelids and brow...summary | more information
Cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis)
Dystonia that affects the neck and sometimes the shoulders...
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Oromandibular dystonia (cranial dystonia)
Symptoms include forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue...
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Laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia)
Dystonia that affects the vocal cords...
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Hand dystonia (writer’s cramp)
Dystonia of the fingers, hand, and/or forearm...
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» Musicians'dystonias
summary | more information | Hand dystonia | Embouchure dystonia |Musicians With Dystonia
» Early-onset generalized dystonia (DYT1 and non-DYT1)
Early-onset generalized dystonia is characterized by the twisting of the limbs and torso...summary | more information|
»Dopa-responsive dystonia
A group of dystonias that respond to a medication called levodopa...summary | more information
»Myoclonic dystonia
A hereditary form of dystonia that includes prominent myoclonus symptoms...summary | more information
» Paroxysmal dystonias and dyskinesias
Episodic movement disorders in which abnormal movements occur only during attacks...summary | more information| PDD Network
» X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism
A hereditary form of dystonia that includes symptoms parkinsonism...summary | more information
» Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism
A hereditary form of dystonia that includes symptoms of parkinsonism...
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»Secondary dystonias
Dystonia that is triggered by factors such as trauma, medication exposure, toxins...
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Trauma
Dystonia may follow trauma to the head and/or to a specific body area...
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Drug-induced
Specific drugs are capable of causing dystonia...
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»Secondary dystonias
Dystonia that is triggered by factors such as trauma, medication exposure, toxins...
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Trauma
Dystonia may follow trauma to the head and/or to a specific body area...
summary | more information
Drug-induced
Specific drugs are capable of causing dystonia...
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Toxins
Several rare toxins are known to cause movement disorders...
Neurological and metabolic disorders
Dystonia can occur as a symptom of multiple disorders...
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» Psychogenic dystonia
Dystonia that is secondary to psychological disturbances...
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» Psychogenic dystonia
Dystonia that is secondary to psychological disturbances...
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